Appendix A–C, Talking Sula

Appendix A. Photographs

Official seal of the Sula Islands Regency prior to the separation of Taliabo

Official seal following the exit of Taliabo

A typical community sitting platform. These platforms are usually occupied by middle-aged and elderly men, and children are shooed away. Children were allowed in this instance to take the photograph.

Online media links:

Hiphop: https://www.reverbnation.com/murifa

Appendix B. Questionnaire for language vitality survey. (English translation )

Intergenerational Transmission

1. Can most of the grandparent generation speak Sula? Please elaborate.
2. Can most of the parent generation speak Sula? Please elaborate.
3. Can most Children speak Sula? Please elaborate.
4. Does the grandparent generation speak in Sula when they talk to others their own age? Please elaborate.
5. Does the grandparent generation speak in Sula when they talk to the parent generation? Please elaborate.
6. Does the grandparent generation speak in Sula when they talk to children? Please elaborate.
7. Does the parent generation speak in Sula when they talk to the grandparent generation? Please elaborate.
8. Does the parent generation speak in Sula when they talk to others their own age? Please elaborate.
9. Does the parent generation speak in Sula when they talk to children? Please elaborate.
10. Do children speak Sula when talking to the grandparent generation and parent generation? Please elaborate.
11. Do children speak Sula when talking to each other? Please elaborate.

Proportion of Speakers within the Total Population

1. What percentage of the community can speak Sula?

Shifts in Domains of Language Use

1. What kind of places do you hear Sula spoken? Please elaborate.
2. What kinds of topics do you hear people discussing in Sula? Please elaborate.
3. Are there places where you do you NOT hear Sula spoken? Please elaborate.
4. Are there topics that you hear people discussing in Bahasa instead of Sula? Please elaborate.
5. (Discuss this more & ask specifically about new domains)

Community Members’ Attitudes towards Their Own Language

1. Tell me your feelings about the Sula language?
2. Do you think Sula is important? (if not answered by previous question)
3. Would it matter if people stopped speaking Sula and only spoke Bahasa? Please elaborate.
4. Do you think people should try to protect Sula and encourage young people to speak it?
5. How do you think others feel about the Sula language?
6. Do others believe Sula is important? (if not answered by previous question)
7. Do you think others want to protect Sula and encourage young people to speak it? Please elaborate.

ELECTRICITY

1. Is there public electricity in your community?
2. Are there local power generators in your community?
3. (if yes) What percentage of your community can access public electricity in their homes?
4. Are there community power points for people who do not have in-home electric to use to charge batteries and devices?
5. How many hours per day is electricity available in your community?

TV broadcast signal (including satellite dish when available)

1. Is there Television reception in your community?
2. How many channels can you receive?
3. Is there a community television?
4. What percentage of the community lives close enough to a television that regularly watching TV is practical?

Cellular access (voice, data)

1. Is there cellular telephone access in your community?
2. Please describe when and where telephone signal is available. Please describe how strong the signal is.
3. Is there cellular data access in your community?
4. Please describe when and where a data signal is available. Please describe how strong the signal is and how reliably it works.
5. What percentage of adults in your community own a mobile phone?
6. What percentage of adults in your community own a smartphone?

Appendix C. Survey results by region. (A spreadsheet containing full results and formulas is available in the archive.)

factors↓	Community Name →	Taliabu-Barat	Taliabu-Selatan	Tabona	Taliabu-Timur-Selatan
	2017 figures from publication Kabupaten Kepulauan Sula Dalam Angka 2018.pdf	9,791	7,189	2,928	3,841	Total population in applicable Taliabu regions: 23,749
	Total population of relevant regions: 122945					0
	Corrected estimate of ethnic Sula community population	3,000	3,000	1,500	2,000	Sula community population on Taliabu: 9,500
	Total corrected estimate of ethnic Sula community population in the Sula Archipelago: 80111
	each community’s percentage of total corrected population estimate	0.0374	0.0374	0.0187	0.0250
	notes about above:	note 1	note 2	note 3	note 4
note 1: (estimated down to a maximum of ~3,000 who are Sula after removing Taliabu natives, mine and timber workers, and Sulawesi diaspora communities after consulting with the development office. Ethnicity is not tracked by BPS, but they provided an impressionistic estimate) note 2: (also estimated down to a maximum of ~3,000 who are Sula after removing Taliabu natives, mine and timber workers, and Sulawesi diaspora communities after consulting with the development office. Ethnicity is not tracked by BPS, but they provided an impressionistic estimate) note 3: (estimated down to a maximum of ~1,500 who are Sula (from 2,928) after removing Taliabu natives. Estimate based on consulting with the development office. Ethnicity is not tracked by BPS, but they provided an impressionistic estimate) note 4: (estimated down to a maximum of ~2,000 who are Sula (from 4,858) after removing Taliabu natives. Estimate based on consulting with the development office. Ethnicity is not tracked by BPS, but they provided an impressionistic estimate)
1	Int Trans (1-5)	3	3	4	4
	Intergenerational transmission value reduced according to each community’s relative percentage of population.	0.1123	0.1123	0.0749	0.0999	sum: 0.39945
	notes about above:	due to being outnumbered	due to being outnumbered	score higher than Barat and Selatan, because the Taliabu natives do not put linguistic pressure on Sula communities in a way comparable to the Butonese and Bugis diaspora further to the West	Western communities are said to have stronger language use than those near the east coast which are on a heavily trafficked shipping lane between the islands
2	Spkr number	1,338	1,338	1,275	1,700	Total Sula Speakers on Taliabu: 5,651
	percent of speakers w/in total regional population (including non-Sula population)	0.137	0.186	0.435	0.443
3	Proportion (1-5)	2	2	3	3
	Proportion value reduced according to each community’s relative percentage of population.	0.0749	0.0749	0.0562	0.0749	sum: 0.2809
	notes about above:
4	Domain shft (1-5)	2	2	2	2
	Proportion value reduced according to each community’s relative percentage of population.	0.0749	0.0749	0.0374	0.0499	sum: 0.23717
5	New Domains (1-5)	1	1	1	1
6	Ed & Lit matrls (1-5)	1	1	1	1
7	Gvt attitudes (1-5)	2	2	2	2
8	Com attitudes (1-5)	1	1	2	2
9	Proportion value reduced according to each community’s relative percentage of population.	0.0374	0.0187	0.0499	0	sum: 0.1061
	notes about above:	As nearly all Sula speakers have been bilingual in Malay for generations, there does not seem to be a pervasive feeling of cultural loss or dread concerning the language.
9	Documentation (1-5)	1	1	1	1
10	E. public utility	YES	NO	NO	NO
		(note: this data was collected summer 2015. Utility coverage and roadways change suddenly with ambitious public works projects that lack maintenance funding. That said, on-site observation and surveys were wildly off from official statistics. I suspect that the statistics have been carried forward from a survey decades ago following an ambitious works project that erected power lines around Sanana island, extending the city’s power grid. Reminants of these lines remain, mostly inoperable and/or downed as of 2015, but with a range in and around Sanana city that regularly fluctuates.)
11	E. % in-home	>70%	30–70%	<10%	10–29%
	value corresponding to the percentage	5	2	0	1
	Estimated community population	3,000	3,000	1,500	2,000
	population ÷ by 6 (because the weighting is on a 0-5 scale)	500.00	500.00	250.00	333.33
11	weighted result (population ÷ 6 multiplied by the assigned value)	2,500.00	1,000.00	0.00	333.33	normalized Factor 11 for Taliabu: 3,833
12	E. Community cooperative	YES	YES	YES	YES
	Estimated community population	3,000	3,000	1,500	2,000
	“NO” communities removed	3,000	3,000	1,500	2,000	sum: 9,500
13	E. Hours	evening–night	evening only	evening only	evening–night
	notes about above:
	Estimated community population	3,000	3,000	1,500	2,000
	E. Hours as assigned numerical value (0-N/A, 1-evening only, 2-evening–night, 3-24 hr)	2	1	1	2
	assigned numerical value as percentage (0 = .25, 1 = .5, 2 = .75, 3 = 1)	0.75	0.5	0.5	0.75
	weighted result (percentage times population figure)	2250	1500	750	1500	sum: 6000
14	C. TV signal (y/n)	YES	YES	NO	YES
	Estimated community population	3,000	3,000	1,500	2,000
	“NO” communities removed	3,000	3,000		2,000	sum: 8,000
15	C. TV (y/n)	YES	YES	NO	YES
	Estimated community population	3,000	3,000	1,500	2,000
	“NO” communities removed	3,000	3,000		2,000	sum: 8,000
16	C. % TV access	>70%	30–70%	<10%	30–70%
	value corresponding to the percentage	3	2	0	2
	assigned numerical value as percentage (0 = .25, 1 = .5, 2 = .75, 3 = 1)	1	0.75	0.25	0.75
	Estimated community population	3,000	3,000	1,500	2,000
	weighted result (percentage times population figure)	3000	2250	375	1500	sum: 7125
17	C. cellular(1-5)	3	3	1	2
18	C. data(1-5)	3	0	0	0
19	C. smartphone %	30–70%	<10%	<10%	10–29%
	notes about above:
	value corresponding to the percentage	5	1	1	3
20	C. dumbphone %	>70%	30–70%	30–70%	>70%
	value corresponding to the percentage	3	2	2	3
	Totals for each region	14	6	4	8
	Estimated community population	3,000	3,000	1,500	2,000
	community’s percentage of total population	0.0374	0.0374	0.0187	0.0250
	weighted totals for each region (totals for each region multiplied by its percentage of total Sula population)	0.5243	0.2247	0.0749	0.1997	sum: 1.02358

factors↓	Community Name →	Mangoli Tengah (7.32 % of Sula Regency population excluding Taliabu)	Mangoli Timur (4.95 % of Sula Regency population excluding Taliabu)	Mangoli Utara Timur (4.37 % of Sula Regency population excluding Taliabu)	Mangoli Barat (8.16 % of Sula Regency population excluding Taliabu)	Mangoli Utara (11.48 % of Sula Regency population excluding Taliabu)	Mangoli Selatan (5.32 % of Sula Regency population excluding Taliabu)
	2017 figures from publication Kabupaten Kepulauan Sula Dalam Angka 2018.pdf	7,191	4,870	4,311	8,027	11,232	5,216	Total population in applicable Mangoli regions: 40,847
	Total population of relevant regions: 122945							0
	Corrected estimate of ethnic Sula community population	6,112	4,870	4,311	401	1,123	5,216	Sula community population on Mangoli: 22033
	Total corrected estimate of ethnic Sula community population in the Sula Archipelago: 80111
	each community’s percentage of total corrected population estimate	0.0763	0.0608	0.0538	0.0050	0.0140	0.0651
	notes about above:	note 1			note 2	note 3
note 1: (the Mangoli Tengah population is reduced by 15% (from 7,191 to 6,112) to correct for, mostly Sulawesi-born workers servicing nearby resource exploitation operations. Ethnicity is not tracked by BPS, but they provided an impressionistic estimate) note 2: (the Mangoli Barat population is reduced by 95% (from 8,027 to 401) to correct for, mostly Sulawesi-born workers servicing nearby resource exploitation operations. Ethnicity is not tracked by BPS, but they provided an impressionistic estimate. In the case of Mangoli Barat, I am told that even if there is more than 10% ethnically Sula in the region, most of the native Sula present have switched to Indonesian to communicate with other workers) note 3: (the Mangoli Utara population is reduced by 90% (from 11,232 to 1,123) to correct for, mostly Sulawesi-born workers servicing nearby resource exploitation operations. Ethnicity is not tracked by BPS, but they provided an impressionistic estimate. In the case of Mangoli Utara, I am told that even if there is more than 10% ethnically Sula in the region, most of the native Sula present have switched to Indonesian to communicate with other workers)
1	Int Trans (1-5)	4	4	5	2	3	4
	Intergenerational transmission value reduced according to each community’s relative percentage of population.	0.3052	0.2432	0.2691	0.0100	0.0421		sum: 0.869
	notes about above:	note 1			note 2	note 3	note 4
note 1: Intergenerational transmission estimate relates to households that are likely to contain Sula Sula speakers. The estimate is not as low for Mangoli Tengah as for Mangoli Utara, because more of Mangoli Tengah’s north-shore Sula population lives in communities that are majority Sula. Additionally, the south-shore communities are quite populous and solidly rate as 4. note 2: Intergenerational transmission estimate relates to households that are likely to contain Sula Sula speakers note 3: Intergenerational transmission estimate relates to households that are likely to contain Sula Sula speakers note 4: It was difficult to select between 4 and 5 for Mangoli Selatan, because the cultural situation does not align with the political district. Western settlements of Mangoli Selatan are in regular daily communication with non-Sula groups whereas eastern communities generally are not. Having not visited the western part, I cannot say if the settlements in question would deserve a 3 or a 4, and the precise population breakdown within Mangoli Selatan is not available, but it is thought that some of the western communities are comparatively quite populous, and for this reason, choosing 5 for the region overall would be non-representative.
2	Spkr number	5,195.2	4,139.5	4,095.45	92.23	500.858	4,433.6	Total Sula Speakers on Mangon: 18457
	percent of speakers w/in total regional population (including non-Sula population)	0.722	0.850	0.950	0.011	0.045	0.850
3	Proportion (1-5)	3	4	5	1	2	4
	Proportion value reduced according to each community’s relative percentage of population.	0.2289	0.2432	0.2691	0.0050	0.0280	0.2604	sum: 1.0346
	notes about above:
4	Domain shft (1-5)	2	3	4	1	2	3
	Proportion value reduced according to each community’s relative percentage of population.	0.1526	0.1824	0.2153	0.0050	0.0280	0.1953	sum: 0.77858
5	New Domains (1-5)	1	1	1	1	1	1
6	Ed & Lit matrls (1-5)	1	1	1	1	1	1
7	Gvt attitudes (1-5)	2	2	2	2	2	2
8	Com attitudes (1-5)	2	2	2	0	1	2
9	Proportion value reduced according to each community’s relative percentage of population.	0.1216	0.1076	0.0100	0.0000	0.0651	0	sum: 0.3043
	notes about above:	As nearly all Sula speakers have been bilingual in Malay for generations, there does not seem to be a pervasive feeling of cultural loss or dread concerning the language.
9	Documentation (1-5)	1	1	1	1	1	1
10	E. public utility	YES	YES	NO	YES	YES	NO
	(note: this data was collected summer 2015. Utility coverage and roadways change suddenly with ambitious public works projects that lack maintenance funding. That said, on-site observation and surveys were wildly off from official statistics. I suspect that the statistics have been carried forward from a survey decades ago following an ambitious works project that erected power lines around Sanana island, extending the city’s power grid. Reminants of these lines remain, mostly inoperable and/or downed as of 2015, but with a range in and around Sanana city that regularly fluctuates.)
11	E. % in-home	30-70%	30-70%	<10%	>70%	30–70%	<10%
	value corresponding to the percentage	4	4	0	5	4	0
	Estimated community population	6,112	4,870	4,311	401	1,123	5,216
	population ÷ by 6 (because the weighting is on a 0-5 scale)	1,018.67	811.67	718.50	66.83	187.17	869.33
11	weighted result (population ÷ 6 multiplied by the assigned value)	4,074.67	3,246.67	0.00	334.17	748.67	0.00	normalized Factor 11 for Mangole: 8,404
12	E. Community cooperative	YES	YES	NO	YES	YES	YES
	Estimated community population	6,112	4,870	4,311	401	1,123	5,216
	“NO” communities removed	6,112	4,870	0	401	1,123	5,216	sum: 17722
13	E. Hours	evening–night	evening–night	N/A	evening–night	evening–night	evening only
	notes about above:
	Estimated community population	6,112	4,870	4,311	401	1,123	5,216
	E. Hours as assigned numerical value (0-N/A, 1-evening only, 2-evening–night, 3-24 hr)	2	2	0	2	2	1
	assigned numerical value as percentage (0 = .25, 1 = .5, 2 = .75, 3 = 1)	0.75	0.75	0.25	0.75	0.75	0.5
	weighted result (percentage times population figure)	4584	3652.5	1077.75	300.75	842.25	2608	sum: 13065.25
14	C. TV signal (y/n)	YES	YES	NO	YES	YES	NO
	Estimated community population	6,112	4,870	4,311	401	1,123	5,216
	“NO” communities removed	6,112	4,870		401	1,123		sum: 12506
15	C. TV (y/n)	YES	YES	NO	YES	YES	YES
	Estimated community population	6,112	4,870	4,311	401	1,123	5,216
	“NO” communities removed	6,112	4,870		401	1,123	5,216	sum: 17722
16	C. % TV access	>70%	>70%	<10%	>70%	>70%	10–29%
	value corresponding to the percentage	3	3	0	3	3	1
	assigned numerical value as percentage (0 = .25, 1 = .5, 2 = .75, 3 = 1)	1	1	0.25	1	1	0.5
	Estimated community population	6,112	4,870	4,311	401	1,123	5,216
	weighted result (percentage times population figure)	6112	4870	1077.75	401	1123	2608	sum: 16191.75
17	C. cellular(1-5)	1	3	3	1	1	1
18	C. data(1-5)	1	1	0	0	0	0
19	C. smartphone %	30–70%	10–29%	<10%	10–29%	<10%	10–29%
	notes about above:
	value corresponding to the percentage	5	3	1	3	1	3
20	C. dumbphone %	>70%	>70%	10–29%	>70%	30–70%	>70%
	value corresponding to the percentage	3	3	1	3	2	3
	Totals for each region	10	10	5	7	4	7
	Estimated community population	6,112	4,870	4,311	401	1,123	5,216
	community’s percentage of total population	0.0763	0.0608	0.0538	0.0050	0.0140	0.0651
	weighted totals for each region (totals for each region multiplied by its percentage of total Sula population)	0.7629	0.6079	0.2691	0.0350	0.0561	0.4558	sum: 2.1868

factors↓	Community Name →	Sulabesi Barat (5.44 % of Sula Regency population excluding Taliabu)	Sulabesi Selatan (4.88 % of Sula Regency population excluding Taliabu)	Sanana (30.58 % of Sula Regency population excluding Taliabu)	Sulabesi Tengah (7.04 % of Sula Regency population excluding Taliabu)	Sulabesi Timur (3.58 % of Sula Regency population excluding Taliabu)	Sanana Utara (6.88 % of Sula Regency population excluding Taliabu)
	2017 figures from publication Kabupaten Kepulauan Sula Dalam Angka 2018.pdf	5,364	4,782	30746	7019	3,522	6916	Total population on Sanana: 58349
	Total population of relevant regions: 122945							0
	Corrected estimate of ethnic Sula community population	5,364	4,782	23,060	6,317	3,522	5,533	Sula community population on Sanana: 48,578
	Total corrected estimate of ethnic Sula community population in the Sula Archipelago: 80111
	each community’s percentage of total corrected population estimate	0.0670	0.0597	0.2879	0.0789	0.0440	0.0691
	notes about above:			note 1:	note 2:		note 3:
note 1: (around 25% of the population around Sanana city was subtracted as ethnically non-Sula (from 30,746 to 23,060). Ethnicity is not tracked by BPS, but they provided an impressionistic estimate) note 2: (around 10% of the population around Sulabesi Tengah had to be subtracted as ethnically non-Sula (from 7,019 to 6,317). Ethnicity is not tracked by BPS, but they provided an impressionistic estimate) note 3: (around 20% of the population around Sulabesi Barat had to be subtracted as ethnically non-Sula to compensate for the Bajo community and a few government and infrastructure outpost communities (from 6,916 to 5,533). Ethnicity is not tracked by BPS, but they provided an impressionistic estimate)
1	Int Trans (1-5)	3	5	2	3	4	4
	Intergenerational transmission value reduced according to each community’s relative percentage of population.	0.2009	0.2985	0.5757	0.2366	0.1759	0.2763	sum: 1.7637
	notes about above:	note 1:			note: 2
note 1: (most of the population is in Malbufa which is a comparatively cosmopolitan village) note 2: (easily back-and-forth access to Sanana city. Residents in this region are often primed to speak Malay at home even if they are capable Sula speakers. That is, many or most adults spend significant portions of an average day in Sanana for work, commerce, or socializing. Most children in these areas attend schools that are more developed than in remote parts of the island and often taught by non-Sula faculty or Sula factory who have studied and lived off-island for extended periods. (i.e. language inertia)
2	Spkr number	2,392.344	4,542.9	5,303.8	2,817.382	2,993.7	4,703.05	Total Sula Speakers on Sanana: 22,753
	percent of speakers w/in total regional population (including non-Sula population)	0.446	0.950	0.173	0.401	0.850	0.680
3	Proportion (1-5)	2	5	2	2	4	3
	Proportion value reduced according to each community’s relative percentage of population.	0.1339	0.2985	0.5757	0.1577	0.1759	0.2072	sum: 1.5488
	notes about above:
4	Domain shft (1-5)	2	4	1	2	3	2
	Proportion value reduced according to each community’s relative percentage of population.	0.1339	0.2388	0.2879	0.1577	0.1319	0.1381	sum: 1.088
5	New Domains (1-5)	1	1	1	1	1	1
6	Ed & Lit matrls (1-5)	1	1	1	1	1	1
7	Gvt attitudes (1-5)	2	2	2	2	2	2
8	Com attitudes (1-5)	1	2	0	1	2	2
9	Proportion value reduced according to each community’s relative percentage of population.	0.0597	0.5757	0.0000	0.0440	0.1381	0	sum: 0.8175
	notes about above:	As nearly all Sula speakers have been bilingual in Malay for generations, there does not seem to be a pervasive feeling of cultural loss or dread concerning the language.
9	Documentation (1-5)	1	1	1	1	1	1
10	E. public utility	NO	NO	YES	NO	NO	YES
		(note: this data was collected summer 2015. Utility coverage and roadways change suddenly with ambitious public works projects that lack maintenance funding. That said, on-site observation and surveys were wildly off from official statistics. I suspect that the statistics have been carried forward from a survey decades ago following an ambitious works project that erected power lines around Sanana island, extending the city’s power grid. Reminants of these lines remain, mostly inoperable and/or downed as of 2015, but with a range in and around Sanana city that regularly fluctuates.)
11	E. % in-home	10–29%	<10%	>70%	10–29%	<10%	10–29%
	value corresponding to the percentage	1	0	5	1	0	3
	Estimated community population	5,364	4,782	23,060	6,317	3,522	5,533
	population ÷ by 6 (because the weighting is on a 0-5 scale)	894.00	797.00	3,843.33	1,052.83	587.00	922.17
11	weighted result (population ÷ 6 multiplied by the assigned value)	894.00	0.00	19,216.67	1,052.83	0.00	2,766.50	normalized Factor 11 for Sanana: 23,930
12	E. Community cooperative	YES	NO	YES	YES	YES	YES
	Estimated community population	5,364	4,782	23,060	6,317	3,522	5,533
	“NO” communities removed	5,364	0	23,060	6,317	3,522	5,533	sum: 43796
13	E. Hours	evening only	N/A	24 hr	evening only	evening only	evening only
	notes about above:			note:
note: This is a best-case scenario. During summer of 2015, electricity was mostly reliable for me in Sanana for around two weeks. During all of 2010, the neighborhood where I stayed had to have a cooperative generator even though it was only 1-2 km from the utility. During other stays, I experienced sporatic availability.
	Estimated community population	5,364	4,782	23,060	6,317	3,522	5,533
	E. Hours as assigned numerical value (0-N/A, 1-evening only, 2-evening–night, 3-24 hr)	1	0	3	1	1	1
	assigned numerical value as percentage (0 = .25, 1 = .5, 2 = .75, 3 = 1)	0.5	0.25	1	0.5	0.5	0.5
	weighted result (percentage times population figure)	2682	1195.5	23060	3158.5	1761	2766.5	sum: 34623.5
14	C. TV signal (y/n)	YES	NO	YES	YES	YES	YES
	Estimated community population	5,364	4,782	23,060	6,317	3,522	5,533
	“NO” communities removed	5,364		23,060	6,317	3,522	5,533	sum: 43,796
15	C. TV (y/n)	YES	NO	YES	YES	YES	YES
	Estimated community population	5,364	4,782	23,060	6,317	3,522	5,533
	“NO” communities removed	5,364		23,060	6,317	3,522	5,533	sum: 43,796
16	C. % TV access	30–70%	<10%	>70%	30–70%	10–29%	>70%
	value corresponding to the percentage	2	0	3	2	1	3
	assigned numerical value as percentage (0 = .25, 1 = .5, 2 = .75, 3 = 1)	0.75	0.25	1	0.75	0.5	1
	Estimated community population	5,364	4,782	23,060	6,317	3,522	5,533
	weighted result (percentage times population figure)	4023	1195.5	23060	4737.75	1761	5533	sum: 40310.25
17	C. cellular(1-5)	5	0	5	2	0	5
18	C. data(1-5)	4	0	4	1	0	3
19	C. smartphone %	30–70%	<10%	30–70%	10–29%	<10%	10–29%
	notes about above:	While it is counterintuitive to have a smartphone where data signal is unavailable, many (especially younger) people have inexpensive android phones that they use when traveling off island and to villages that have signal.
	value corresponding to the percentage	5	1	5	3	1	3
20	C. dumbphone %	>70%	10–29%	>70%	>70%	10–29%	>70%
	value corresponding to the percentage	3	1	3	3	1	3
	Totals for each region	17	2	17	9	2	14
	Estimated community population	5,364	4,782	23,060	6,317	3,522	5,533
	community’s percentage of total population	0.0670	0.0597	0.2879	0.0789	0.0440	0.0691
	weighted totals for each region (totals for each region multiplied by its percentage of total Sula population)	1.1383	0.1194	4.8935	0.7097	0.0879	0.9669	sum: 7.9157